ITHACA-DISS

ACF connected

ACF not connected

Disclaimer

This web mapper was developed in the framework of the activity of the Task 3 of the Work Package 1 “Earthquake” of the 2012-2021 Agreement between the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The activities were aimed at developing the interoperability between the INGV database of seismogenic sources “DISS” and the ISPRA database of Active and Capable Faults “ITHACA”.
The connections between the Active and Capable Faults (ACF) and the Composite Seismogenic Sources (CSS) are updated regularly using a completely automatic procedure that exploits the web services and use the most updated versions of the two databases available at the moment.

The two databases were developed to give information about the potential sources of seismic shaking (DISS) and input data for surface faulting hazard studies (ITHACA) and are publicly available from the following links:

DISS - https://diss.ingv.it/
ITHACA - http://sgi.isprambiente.it/ithacaweb/default.aspx#1; web viewer: https://sgi.isprambiente.it/ithacaweb/viewer/.

This web interface was developed to show the potential connections existing between the ACF and CSS datasets using solely a geographic overlapping criteria. For this reason, there exist uncertainties about the real structural relationships at depth between the elements of the two datasets, so the connections established do not automatically imply that an earthquake generated by a segment of a CSS can certainly activate one of the surface active and capable faults connected.

Credits
DISS Working Group (2021). Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), Version 3.3.0: A compilation of potential sources for earthquakes larger than M 5.5 in Italy and surrounding areas. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). https://doi.org/10.13127/diss3.3.0
Gruppo di Lavoro ITHACA (2019). ITHACA (ITaly HAzards from CApable faults) - Catalogo delle faglie capaci in Italia. http://sgi.isprambiente.it/ithacaweb/viewer/, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale.

While having benefited from the financial contribution of the Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Dipartimento della Protezione Civile for the development of this web interface, the Authors remain responsible for the contents, which therefore do not necessarily reflect the official position and policies of the Department.

Bibliography

Basili R., G. Valensise, P. Vannoli, P. Burrato, U. Fracassi, S. Mariano, M.M. Tiberti, and E. Boschi (2008). The Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), version 3: summarizing 20 years of research on Italy's earthquake geology. Tectonophysics, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.04.014.

Boncio, P., F. Liberi, M. Caldarella, F.C. Nurminen (2018). Width of surface rupture zone for thrust earthquakes: implications for earthquake fault zoning. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 241-256, doi:10.5194/nhess-18-241-2018.

Boncio, P., P. Galli, G. Naso, and A. Pizzi (2012). A.: Zoning surface rupture hazard along normal faults: insight from the 2009 Mw 6.3 L’Aquila, Central Italy, earthquake and other global earthquakes, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 102, 918–935, doi:10.1785/0120100301.

Ferrario, M.F., and F. Livio (2018). Characterizing the distributed faulting during the 30 October 2016, Central Italy earthquake: A reference for fault displacement hazard assessment. Tectonics, 37, 5, 1256-1273, doi:10.1029/2017TC004935.

Gürpinar, A., L. Serva, F. Livio, P.C. Rizzo (2017). Earthquake-induced crustal deformation and consequences for fault displacement hazard analysis of nuclear power plants. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 311, 69-85, doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.11.007.

Haller K.M. and R. Basili (2011). Developing seismogenic source models based on geologic fault data. Seismological Research Letters, 82(4), 519-525, doi:10.1785/gssrl.82.4.519.

International Atomic Energy Agency (2021). An Introduction to Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis in Site Evaluation for Existing Nuclear Installations, TECDOC Series 1987, 2021; available at: https://www.iaea.org/publications/14915/an-introduction-to-probabilistic-fault-displacement-hazard-analysis-in-site-evaluation-for-existing-nuclear-installations.

Lettis, W.R., D.L. Wells, and J.N. Baldwin (1997). Empirical observations regarding reverse earthquakes, blind thrust faults, and quaternary deformation: are blind thrust faults truly blind? Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 87, 1171–1198, doi:10.1785/BSSA0870051171.

Livio, F., L. Serva, A. Gürpinar (2017). Locating distributed faulting: Contributions from InSAR imaging to Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis (PFDHA). Quaternary International, 451, 223-233, doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.034.

Moss, R.E.S., and Z.E. Ross (2011). Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis for reverse faults. Bulletin of the seismological society of America, 101, 4, 1542-1553, doi:10.1785/0120100248.

Nurminen, F., P. Boncio, F. Visini, B. Pace, A. Valentini, S. Baize, and O. Scotti (2020). Probability of occurrence and displacement regression of distributed surface rupturing for reverse earthquakes. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, 456, doi:10.3389/feart.2020.581605.

Petersen, M., T.E. Dawson, R. Chen, T. Cao, C.J. Wills, D.P. Schwartz, and A,D. Frankel (2011). Fault displacement hazard for strike-slip faults. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 101, 805–825, doi:10.1785/0120100035.

Serva, L., F. Livio, and A. Gürpinar (2019). Surface Faulting and Ground Deformation: Considerations on Their Lower Detectable Limit and on FDHA for Nuclear Installations. Earthquake Spectra, 35, 4, 1821-1843, doi:10.1193/110718EQS253M.

Takao, M., T. Annaka, and T. Kurita (2013). Application of probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis in Japan. J. Japan Ass. Earth. Eng., 13, 1, 17-36, doi:10.5610/jaee.13.17.

Youngs, R.R., W.J. Arabasz, R.E. Anderson, A.E. Ramelli, J.P. Ake, D.B. Slemmons, J.P. McCalpin, D.I. Doser, C.J. Fridrich, F.H. Swan III, A.M. Rogers, J.C. Yount, L.W. Anderson, K.D. Smith, R.L. Bruhn, L.K. Knuepfer, R.B. Smith, C.M. dePolo, K.W. O’Leary, K.J. Coppersmith, S.K. Pezzopane, D.P. Schwartz, J.W. Whitney, S.S. Olig, and G.R Toro (2003). A methodology for probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis (PFDHA). Earth Spectra 19, 191-219, doi: 10.1193/1.1542891.

Method

The active and capable faults of the ITHACA database were connected using an automatic geographic overlapping procedure to one or more Composite Seismogenic Sources of the DISS database. The minimum overlap length considered was at least 10% of the total length of the fault. To select the connected seismogenic sources, the procedure used a minimum depth of the upper tip of the source less/equal than 15 km. The minimum depth was chosen according to empirical evidence that deep seismogenic sources have very low probability of triggering distributed faulting.

Construction of the buffer

The automatic procedure construct a buffer around the upper tip of the selected seismogenic sources, with variable dimension according to the source kinematics. The area of the buffer correspond to a minimal conditional probability of the potential occurrence of distributed faulting calculated from the upper tip of the composite seismogenic source considered as the primary fault. For normal and reverse/thrust sources the hanging-wall dimension of the buffer was selected as having the same size of the surface projection of the source. Based on empirical studies (e.g. Boncio et al., 2018; Livio et al., 2017), the foot-wall dimension was set at 4 km and 2 km for normal and reverse/thrust kinematics, respectively (shown in grey in the viewer). The high-angle strike-slip sources have a 3 + 3 km large buffer around the upper tip of the source, or the same size of the surface projection of the source.
The size of the buffer in the two fault blocks was chosen following the probability function of distributed faulting showing that at these distances P is below a critical value.

The active and capable faults connected have been categorized using the “Rank” field of the ITHACA database into three classes:

Primary: these faults according to the compilers of the ITHACA database represent the primary surface expression of the deep seismogenic source, as such representing the main structural element controlling the Quaternary landscape evolution.
Secondary: these faults according to the compilers of the ITHACA database represent secondary synthetic or antithetic surface faults connected to the deep seismogenic source, or other faults not structurally connected to the main fault, and as such, representing the so called distributed faulting.
Unknown: these faults according to the compilers of the ITHACA database due to the lack of data have a rank unknown, meaning that their connection with the deep seismogenic source is still to be defined.

ITHACA - DISS interoperability

disclaimer - method - bibliography

Active and capable faults (ITHACA)

Seismogenic Sources (DISS)

	CSS connected
	CSS not connected

Web mapper showing the geographic connections among the Active and Capable Faults of the ITHACA database and the Composite Seismogenic Sources of the DISS database, developed automatically using the interoperability between the two databases and the web services provided by them.

This web mapper was developed in the framework of the activity of the Task 3 of the Work Package 1 “Earthquake” of the 2012-2021 Agreement between the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV).